11 June 2012

Alexander Baron: There's No Home (1950; repr. 2011)

Alexander Baron (1917–99) was a Jewish writer brought up in Hackney, London, and is perhaps most remembered for his London novel The Lowlife (1963). He also wrote three war novels: From the City from the Plough (1948), There's No Home (1950) and The Human Kind (1953), the second of which was published last year by Sort of Books.

In the Afterword to this edition, John L. Williams, who was a friend of Baron's, suggests that one reason Baron's wartime books are now far less known than, for example, Evelyn Waugh's, Graham Greene's, or Olivia Manning's is because Baron's interests are more in the infantrymen than the officers. I think this is largely true because canonical works of this sub-genre tend to foreground the upper social echelons. The two principal characters in There's No Home, however, are Sergeant Joe Craddock from the East End, and his lover Graziella from Catania, a poor town in Sicily.

Baron served in the Eighth Army, and for a few months was garrisoned in Catania, an experience from which he evidently drew in writing this novel, although how much is autobigraphcial is unknown: the inside cover, for instance, shows a photo of an unknown Sicilian woman which was found in Baron's pesonal papers. There's No Home isn't a war story but a love story to which war, although creating the conditions for the central story, otherwise largely forms the backcloth, and the emphasis is on the effect that the soldiers have on the people in the town – and one soldier on Graziella in particular.

Mutual exploitation is ubiquitous, and sex is a vital commodity. The main love (as opposed to lust) interest in the novel is of course between the two main characters, and it is of note is that Baron was interested in the 'Woman Question', and his feminism is clear in his depiction of Graziella: she is definitely more sympathetically portrayed than Craddock.

Surprisingly honest and insightful, and surprisingly fresh.

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Alexander Baron: Rosie Hogarth

8 June 2012

Jonathan Franzen: Freedom (2010)

In an interview with [t]o find an adequate narrative vehicle for the most difficult stuff at the core of me.' Hmm. There's obviously a great concern for the environment in the novel, it has glaring Democratic sympathies, and there are evident worries about technology causing, say, generational conflict (although surely the novel also says something positive about the availability of instant news on tap?). But to me those things are the backcloth to the main events in the book.

Franzen says that Americans already know what they've lived though, but I'm not so sure that many people notice social changes: it's in our nature to concentrate on the little things in the present and in so doing fail to notice how a gradual build-up creates (sometimes huge) social changes. Anyway, we should be reminded of these changes, and I think Franzen reminds us well, if perhaps unintentionally. For instance, we have a multicultural society that most people seem to accept (such as Walter's cross-generational relationship with the Indian Lalitha), and there is a certain amount of gender reversal (such as Lalitha's confident (even reckless) driving), and both Lalitha and (to a certain extent) Jenna take the sexual initiative with Walter and Joey respectively.

A number of writers have been mentioned in relation to Franzen – DeLillo, Pynchon, Philip Roth, etc, but I feel the presence of Reynolds Price more than almost any other: sex (pre-martial, extra-marital, etc) is of great importance here, and its effects can be really devastating, particularly on the future of the family. And the family is also very important in Price's work, especially in relation to genetic behavior, notably where alcoholism is concerned: Price's characters can either go with the genetic drink flow, or resist, just as Walter Berglund resists his negative inheritance in Freedom.

Above all, though, I feel the presence of Franzen's late friend David Foster Wallace. There's not the same digressive content as with Wallace, but some of the characters could have come straight out of Wallace's fiction. Joey and Connie have a rather familiar wackiness, particularly when Joey swallows his wedding ring and manually fishes about for it in his turds in the toilet pan. (I'm undecided about Richard Katz, the addictive type who takes forever to grow up because he plays guitar and therefore has the freedom to poke his dick into as many holes as he chooses.)

Stephen Burn once suggested that Wallace was moving fiction beyond the cynical postmodernist impasse and onto a more human, caring level. Maybe this is what Franzen is alluding to in that quotation at the beginning of this post, and he's picking up the torch? It's worth a thought.



Addendum 1: Ann Tyler, I note, doesn't like Patty, which I find slightly odd: I sympathize with anyone who's been raped, and find it impossible to judge someone who has suffered such torture.

Addendum 2: I've also added a link to Franzen's fascinating essay about 'Status' and 'Contract' writers below.

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Jonathan Franzen: Telegraph interview with Helena de Bertodano

'Mr. Difficult: William Gaddis and the Problem of Hard-to-Read Books', by Jonathan Franzen

6 June 2012

William Cowper and John Newton in Buckinghamshire

The Cowper and Newton Museum website has a tab called 'Plan Your Visit' for visitors to click on, and it was clear and unequivocal that the museum was open on bank holiday Mondays (that is, before they deleted the bank holiday information today: coincidentally(?) just after I had complained to them about the fact that their published hours of opening were incorrect). We had driven to Olney in good faith on 4 June this year (two days ago), which was a bank holiday Monday, and we went with the specific purpose of visiting the museum, but it was closed. Of course, we didn't check with Facebook or Twitter, as the museum House Manager seems to have expected us to: what? After careful reflection, Penny and I consider that someone made an error but won't admit it. Needless to say, we won't be returning: the choice is yours, but the church (see below) is an absolute must.

'WILLIAM COWPER
1731 – 1800
POET & LETTER-WRITER
TRANSLATOR OF HOMER
LIVED HERE
1768 – 1786'

In 1765 Cowper was a boarder in the Reverend Morley Unwin's home in Huntingdon until Unwin's death in 1767, when he moved to Orchard Side in Olney with the widow Mary Unwin. (He is depicted here with John Newton.)

John Newton (1725–1807) was a former sailor and slaver who had renounced his former ways and been curate of Olney since 1764. Cowper and Newton became friends and wrote Olney Hymns (1779) together.

The Parish Church of Saints Peter and Paul, Olney.

There is a very interesting stained glass window in the north aisle, which is in thanksgiving for those who returned safely from World War I.

A book shows one of Newton's hymns ('How Sweet the Name of Jesus Sounds') and one of Cowper's ('God Moves in a Mysterious Way').

To the bottom left is a representation of John Newton, with two slaves to the left and a ship to the right. He holds a scroll marked 'OMICRON A. D. 1774': in that year Newton published, under the pseudonym 'Omicron', a book containing 26 letters on religious subjects, along with hymns, etc. Also shown is the (unnamed) De Imitatione Christi (The Imitation of Christ) by Thomas à Kempis, which probably played a strong part in the process leading to his religious conversion.

And to the bottom right is a representation of William Cowper, with Cowper's oak (Cooper wrote a poem called 'Yardley Oak' in 1791) to the left, and Dr Henry John Gauntlett to the right. Some small images are included, such as Cowper's summer house in the garden at Orchard Side; a rough sketch of Orchard Side itself; and a frying pan and tossed pancake (Olney being noted for its Shrove Tuesday pancake race). Cowper's comic poem '(The Diverting History of) John Gilpin' is also mentioned, showing a riding whip and a horseshoe: the poem was originally related to Cowper by Lady Austen to ease his depression, and describes a disastrous journey, with Gilpin on a borrowed runaway horse, on the day of the intended celebration of his 20th wedding anniversary. It was included in the book The Task (1785). 

Gauntlett is sometimes called 'The father of church music', and estimates have been made that he wrote the tunes for over ten thousand hymns.

Between Newton and Cooper, inevitably, Cooper's three famous pet hares had to get in on the act.

This lower panel of the south window of the chancel shows Newton preaching in the middle, and the ship caught in the storm played at least a part in his conversion.

John Newton's pulpit.

'THE ABOVE PLATE IS FROM THE COFFIN OF THE
REVD. JOHN NEWTON,
RECTOR OF ST. MARY WOOLNOTH, LONDON,
AND FOR 16 YEARS CURATE OF THIS CHURCH.'

'To the Memory of
the Rev. MOSES BROWNE,
Chaplain of Morden College,
Blackheath, KENT,
and Rector of Sutton, LINCCINSHIRE [sic],
and who was 34 years Vicar
of this Parish,
who died 13th. September 1787,
Aged 84.
He sleeps in Jesus.'

The vicar Moses Browne employed John Newton as a curate, and also Thomas Scott, who wrote A Commentary on the Whole Bible, which was a bestseller of its day. Scott was the grandfather of the architect George Gilbert Scott.

Before leaving the church, I must add that it's interesting to observe this amusing specimen: an imp, which reminds us that Olney was formerly in the diocese of Lincoln.

'JOHN NEWTON
DIED 21ST. DECR. 1807

AGED 82
––––––––––––
MARY NEWTON
DIED 15TH. DECR. 1790
AGED 61.'

'THESE REMAINS
WERE REMOVED FROM THE CHURCH
OF ST. MARY WOOLNOTH IN THE CITY
OF LONDON AND RE-INTERRED HERE
25TH JANUARY 1893'

'JOHN NEWTON, CLERK,
ONCE AN INFIDEL AND LIBERTINE,
A SERVANT OF SLAVES IN AFRICA WAS
BY THE RICH MERCY OF OUR
LORD AND SAVIOUR JESUS CHRIST
PRESERVED, RESTORED, PARDONED
AND APPOINTED TO PREACH THE FAITH HE
HAD LONG LABOURED TO DESTROY.
NEAR 16 YEARS AS CURATE AT THIS PARISH
AND 28 YEARS AS RECTOR OF ST. MARY WOOLNOTH.'

James Andrews was a monumental mason who lived on the High Street and who gave Cowper drawing lessons.

Cowper and Unwin moved to The Lodge, a house in Western Underwood less than two miles from Olney, in 1786.

The entrance to Cowpers Alcove, Wood Lane, Weston Underwood.

'The summit gain'd, behold the proud alcove
That crowns it! yet not all pride secures
The grand retreat from injuries impress'd
By rural carvers, who with knives deface
The panels, leaving an obscure, rude name,
In characters uncouth, and spelt amiss,
So strong the zeal t'immortalize himself
Beats in the breast of man, that ev'n a few
Few transient years, won from th' abyss abhorr'd
Of blank oblviion, seem a gorious prize,
And even to a clown. Now roves the eye;
And posted on this speculative height,
Exults in its command.
THE TASK

WILLIAM COWPER LIVED IN OLNEY AND WESTON UNDERWOOD
BETWEEN 1783–1795. MANY OF HIS WORKS,
INCLUDING THE TASK, WERE WRITTEN DURING THIS TIME, PROBABLY IN THE ALCOVE. THE ALCOVE, ERECTED BY THE THROCKMORTON FAMILY IN 1753, NOW FORMS PART OF THE BUCKS COUNTY COUNCIL GREEN BELT ESTATE.'

The Alcove ceiling.

The view from the Alcove.

The Alcove from Wood Lane.

The poet is remembered in the name of the village pub, Cowpers Oak.

5 June 2012

Thomas Fuller and John Dryden in Northampton and Aldwincle, Northamptonshire

Northampton Public Library in Abington Street, by Herbert Norman in 1910, bears the statue of Northamptonshire son John Dryden.

There is also a statue of Dryden on Northampton's Guildhall, but then there is also a statue of another Northampton son on the facade of Northampton Public Library:

Thomas Fuller (1608–61), like Dryden, was born in the village of Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire. He was the son of the rector of St Peter's, and went on to be the rector of Broadwinsor, Dorset, and an author later admired by Charles Lamb and Coleridge. His writing was noted for its jokes and puns, and Leslie Stephens remarked on his 'fantastic caprices'. He is remembered most for Worthies of England, published the year after his death.

The tower window in St Peter's, Aldwincle, is dedicated to Fuller:

'In memory of Thomas Fuller, D. D. Church historian: he was born and baptized in this parish A. D. 1608. A scribe instructed unto the kingdom of heaven: Matt xiii: 52.'

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John Dryden, Aldwincle and Titchmarsh, Northamptonshire

31 May 2012

Bernard Kops: Shalom Bomb: Scenes from My Life (2000)

The World is a Wedding (1963) is Bernard Kops's autobiography up to the age of 28, and Shalom Bomb – named after one of his poems – takes up his story soon after that point.

Bernard Kops saw John Osborne's Look Back in Anger in 1956, declared it 'crap', and determined to write his own play. The Hamlet of Stepney Green was performed at the Oxford Playhouse in 1957, and was a great success. Unfortunately that success wasn't consolidated by the follow-up, and this book charts Kops's recovery from later failures. The book records Kop's friends and associates in his long struggle for recognition/economic survival. Some of these were homosexuals, such as Colin MacInnes, Quentin Crisp, and Lindsay Anderson, with whom Kops, as a Jew, identified as another persecuted minority.

This book is a in part a story of illness (due to drug addiction), and also a love story, of Kops's wife Erica's remarkable support for her husband though this illness. It's a story told with such frankness that it is at times almost embarrassing  to read, but it is told so well that even most of the horrifying sequences are tinged with humour.

Some of the most memorable parts for me are descriptions of the addiction (to speed), when Kops, during the worst and final phase, asks 'Erica, am I just going out or have I just come in?' or, far more chillingly, when he looks at his kids: 'I knew the best gift I could give them all was the taking of my life, but I was always a terrible coward'.

Amazingly, Kops (born in 1926) has survived. I have to read more of his books, as he is a really powerful writer.

30 May 2012

Iain Sinclair: Ghost Milk: Calling Time on the Grand Project (2011)

Iain Sinclair's Ghost Milk is dedicated 'In memory of the huts of the Manor Garden Allotments', the 4.5 acre area of land in Hackney Wick bequeathed in perpetuity to the East End in 1900 by Major Arthur Villiers.* The allotments were destroyed in 2007 in order to allow construction of the London Olympics Park. Understandably, this is a very angry book. Sinclair writes of the sheer destruction that the Olympics vanity project, 'with a beat-the-clock impatience unrivalled in London since the beginnings of the railway age', has wrought: historic communities count for nothing when the only thing of importance is the world waiting agog for the pistol shot of the starter to herald a fleeting moment of glory.

Ghost Milk is a little like Sinclair's previous book Hackney, that Rose-Red Empire with its memories of decades past, its interviews, its peregrinations and its digressions, only the interviews are fewer, it is more global and includes several world grand projects beyond London, and its digressiveness is much vaster. And understandably, its anger is harsher as a result of the mindless destruction of communities human and non-human, the real fear of toxic waste contamination, and the whole equally mindless New Labour-created Olympics fiasco handed over (I express my own disgust here) as a torch to an identical, and above all identically clueless and destructive, political party.

Oh, and the meaning of the title? The expression 'Ghost milk' can cover a multitude of secular sins, but I like Sinclair's example of The Rolling Stones as a tribute band of itself performing at O2, which is of course the ghost milk of that other grand project, the Millennium Dome. Ghost milk is multi-layered.

*Another (albeit ironic) dedication, though, is made in the last sentence of the book (before the Acknowledgements) to 'Mayor Jules Pipe, a constant inspiration, as he remakes the borough of Hackney as a model surrealist wonderland'. It was Pipe who barred Sinclair from the original invitation he'd received to talk about his book Hackney, That Rose-Red Empire at Stoke Newington Library. I don't think the mayor smokes the right pipe.

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Iain Sinclair: Hackney, That Rose-Red Empire

29 May 2012

Philip Seymour Hoffman's Jack Goes Boating (2010)

Philip Seymour Hoffman takes the lead role in Jack Goes Boating, which is also the first movie that he has directed. There are just four central characters – Jack (played by Hoffman) and his good friend Clyde (John Ortiz), who both drive limos for Jack's uncle; and Clyde's wife Lucy (Daphne Rubin-Vega) and her office work colleague Connie (Amy Ryan). Jack is 45, is emotionally immature, and has probably only had two brief relationships in his life ('tops', says Hoffman the director), and Connie seems a very wounded animal, although apparently a number of women have seen her as a just about average middle-aged single female New Yorker.

The plot revolves around Jack's 'parents' Clyde and Lucy (although all four are about the same age) devising a plan to bring Jack and Connie together, although their task would be far easier if their friends carried less psychological clutter. Plus, Jack learns that Connie wants to go boating, and then promises to cook her a meal. As he can't swim or cook, Clyde arranges the cooking lessons and teaches him to swim himself.

Water is a strong motif throughout the movie, and it is one of the main ways that Jack undergoes a kind of baptism into greater normality. Water is in the title of his favorite song, the original 'Rivers of Babylon' by the Melodians, a Rastafarian 'positive vibe' according to Jack, with words based on a psalm in the Bible about the exiled Jews lovingly remembering their homeland. And the movie toys with the song several times, as in its use as a kind of healing device when Jack lends Connie his Walkman when she's in hospital recovering from an attack, but also ironically when Clyde throws the machine at the wall and the music gushes out over the ruins of the important dinner Jack has made – and over the ruins of Clyde and Lucy's marriage.

In the end everything's changed – in the middle of his life, Jack walks off with Lucy into an unknown future, although at least they've made the choice to risk whatever ecstasies or agonies love will bring them, as opposed to their former relatively safe but numb singledom. But – another irony – matchmaker Clyde faces midlife alone.

The movie was adapted from Bob Glaudini's 2007 off-Broadway production of the same name, although several critics also mention its resemblance to a film that's new to me – Delbert Mann's Marty (1955), which was based on Paddy Chayefsky's eponymous teleplay, and also concerns two outsiders who are clumsily groping toward a hitherto far distant vision of togetherness.

I was drawn to the similarity of the title to Jacques Rivettes's 1974 classic Céline et Julie vont en bateau (Céline and Julie Go Boating), which may or may not be intentional.* Is it stretching things a bit if I draw an inverse analogy between Céline and Julie's eating the magic candy leading to a Proustian epiphany, and the foursome's sucking on a hookah and inducing memory loss? Probably, but it's a fun idea.

This movie deserved far more, er, 'positive vibes' from the critics. (There are few lovely songs from The Fleet Foxes too.)

*Purely as an additional point of interest, the imaginary 7 bis, rue du Nadir-aux-Pommes in Céline and Julie Go Boating seems to have become as cultish an address as the also imaginary 11 rue Simon-Crubellier in George Perec's novel La Vie, mode d'emploi (Life: A User's Manual).

28 May 2012

Edward Burra in Nottingham

The art critic Andrew Graham-Dixon says that he sees Edward Burra (1905–76) as an overlooked genius of British art. I was fortunate enough to catch the exhibition of Burra's work at the Djanogly Art Gallery, Lakeside, Nottingham University, last weekend before it closed yesterday.

Burra suffered from chronic arthritis but never had to worry about money as he was the son of a rich lawyer and was born at a house named Springfield in Rye, Sussex, where he spent his life when not travelling. Although critics have associated him with surrealism, he refused to identify with any particular movement or school, and his influences are drawn from popular culture as much as high: he was educated at Chelsea College of Art and loved 'B' movies perhaps as much as art galleries. Essentially he was an asexual voyeur and once claimed that he only had one erection in his life – while watching a Mae West movie.

France delighted Burra, where he particularly enjoyed the night life of Paris and painted dancers and prostitutes; he also loved New York City, particularly the bright, lively, working-class atmosphere of Harlem, and also stayed in Boston with his friend the poet Conrad Aiken, who saw him as a major painter of American life.

Another thing he loved was the seediness of Spain, although his work became much darker after the massacres and the general destruction of the Spanish Civil War. As World War II shortly followed, the darkness increased, with soldiers depicted as predatory birdmen with long beaks.

Burra was an elusive character, an outsider who loved painting outsiders, and he didn't like talking about his work. He only gave one interview, in which he comes over as very bored and verbally constipated, even (playfully?) nihilistic. When asked 'What matters?', he replies 'Nothing'.

Below is a link to a fascinating and very informative one-hour documentary about Burra's art and life, told by Graham-Dixon.

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
'I Never Tell Anybody Anything': The Life and Art of Edward Burra

Daniel Wallace: Big Fish: A Novel of Mythic Proportions (1998)

Daniel Wallace comes from Alabama, where Big Fish is set. This is story tied together by a string of tall stories and jokes told by the narrator Will Bloom, but originating from his father Edward. Here we have tales of a two-headed woman, a confrontation with an enormous giant, a daring wrestle with a killer snake, an encounter with a finger-eating dog, etc, and each time Edward comes out looking like a hero.

Now that he's dying, will Edward reveal his true self to Will, will the man who's been very much an absentee father physically and mentally (for he certainly seems to hide behind his own fantastic inventions) finally show the reality that must lie beneath the layers of ontological evasiveness? The myth of the man is wearing thin.

There are obvious allusions in this novel to Homer's Odyssey, particularly in Edward's heroics (even though they're mainly mock), in his restless quest for adventure, and in his (here very strained) relationship with his more conventional son. Also, Jenny Hill could make for a very watered down Circe, and that glass eye seems to be a tenuous reference to Cyclops. Plus, Joyce's Ulysses, itself a kind of reworking of Homer, is of course present in the name Bloom.

The 2003 movie  based on the book and retaining the half-title is in many ways different, but the spirit of the original is still there, and this is an obvious opportunity for Tim Burton to indulge in unadulterated fantasy.

The book too has a slight haunting quality, but with a rather different closure from the movie.

26 May 2012

Edward Joseph Lowe in Beeston, Nottinghamshire

'EDWARD
JOSEPH LOWE FRS
1825–1900
Astronomer, botanist
a founder member of the
Meteorological Society
built Broadgate House
as his residence and
observatory'

Today I discovered this new blue plaque at 72 Broadgate, Beeston, and this man was previously unknown to me. As yet, I don't think from what I can see online that there's much information readily available about him, although I'd love to be proved wrong. Brief details from the not always reliable Wikipedia are in the link below.

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Edward Joseph Lowe, according to Wikipedia

23 May 2012

Henry Richard and Anti-Militarism in Abney Park Cemetery, Stoke Newington


'HENRY RICHARD,
BORN AT TREGARON,
CARDIGANSHIRE
3, APRIL 1812.
MINISTER OF MARLBOROUGH CHAPEL, LONDON,
1835–1850.
SECRETARY TO THE SOCIETY
FOR PROMOTING PERMANENT AND UNIVERSAL PEACE,
1848–1884.
MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT
FOR MERTHYR TYDFIL,
1868–1888.
DIED 20, AUGUST 1888,
AGED 76 YEARS.'


I had not as far as I'm aware heard of Henry Richard, who wrote several books – one of them on the abolitionist Joseph Sturge – until last month, when by chance I discovered his tomb in Abney Park Cemetery. Richard was widely known as 'The Apostle of Peace', and this post is particularly relevant in that this year marks the bicentenary of his birth. I was a little too late, as the celebration took place on 1 April this year.

Diane Abbott was present at the ceremony, and she's MP for Hackney North and Stoke Newington. She's also the first black woman to enter the House of Commons, but more importantly she was a Labour MP in a New Labour government who voted against the destruction of Iraq, as of course Henry Richard would have done.

Below is a list, taken from the Guardian,  of MPs who voted aginst the destruction of Iraq, and is very revealing:

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Diane Abbott, Graham Allen, John Austin, Tony Banks, Harry Barnes, John Battle, Andrew Bennett, Joe Benton, Roger Berry, Harold Best, Bob Blizzard, Keith Bradley, Kevin Brennan, Karen Buck, Richard Burden, Anne Campbell, Ronnie Campbell, Martin Caton, David Chaytor, Michael Clapham, Helen Clark, Tom Clarke, Tony Clarke, Harry Cohen, Iain Coleman, Michael Connarty, Frank Cook, Robin Cook, Jeremy Corbyn, Jim Cousins, Tom Cox, David Crausby, Ann Cryer, John Cryer, Tam Dalyell , Valerie Davey, Ian Davidson, Denzil Davies, Terry Davis, Hilton Dawson, John Denham, Parmjit Dhanda, Jim Dobbin, Frank Dobson, Frank Doran, David Drew, Huw Edwards, Clive Efford, Bill Etherington, Mark Fisher, Paul Flynn, Hywel Francis,George Galloway, Neil Gerrard, Ian Gibson, Roger Godsiff, Win Griffiths, John Grogan , Patrick Hall, David Hamilton, Fabian Hamilton, Dai Havard, Doug Henderson, Stephen Hepburn, David Heyes, David Hinchliffe, Kate Hoey, Jimmy Hood, Kelvin Hopkins, Joan Humble, Brian Iddon, Eric Illsley, Glenda Jackson, Helen Jackson, Jon Owen Jones, Lynne Jones, Martyn Jones, David Kidney, Peter Kilfoyle, Mark Lazarowicz, David Lepper, Terry Lewis, Tony Lloyd, Ian Lucas, Iain Luke, John Lyons, Christine McCafferty, John McDonnell, Ann McKechin, Kevin McNamara, Tony McWalter, Alice Mahon, Jim Marshall, Robert Marshall-Andrews, Eric Martlew, Julie Morgan, Chris Mullin, Denis Murphy, Doug Naysmith, Eddie O'Hara, Diana Organ, Albert Owen, Linda Perham, Peter Pike, Kerry Pollard, Gordon Prentice, Gwyn Prosser, Ken Purchase, John Robertson, Joan Ruddock, Martin Salter, Mohammad Sarwar, Malcolm Savidge, Philip Sawford, Brian Sedgemore, Debra Shipley, Alan Simpson, Marsha Singh, Chris Smith, Llew Smith, George Stevenson, Gavin Strang, Graham Stringer, David Taylor, Jon Trickett, Paul Truswell, Desmond Turner, Bill Tynan, Rudi Vis, Joan Walley, Robert Wareing, Alan Whitehead, Alan Williams, Betty Williams, Mike Wood, Tony Worthington, David Wright, Tony Wright, Derek Wyatt

· 16 Tory MPs who backed the rebel amendment were: Peter Ainsworth, Richard Bacon, Tony Baldry, John Baron, Kenneth Clarke, John Gummer, John Horam, Douglas Hogg, Edward Leigh, Humphrey Malins, Andrew Murrison, Richard Page, John Randall, Jonathan Sayeed, Ian Taylor, Andrew Turner

· All 53 Liberal Democrat MPs and 11 other MPs also backed the amendment.

22 May 2012

Erasmus Darwin in Lichfield, Staffordshire

'THE RESIDENCE OF
ERASMUS DARWIN M.D. F.R.S.
BORN 1731.     (FROM 1756 TO 1781.)      DIED 1802.
AUTHOR OF "THE BOTANIC GARDEN" & C.'

Darwin was the grandfather of Charles Darwin and a physician, scientist, inventor, poet and botanist. The above date of Darwin's arrival at the house in Lichfield, Staffordshire, is slightly incorrect: he in fact moved here in 1758, less than a year after marrying Polly Howard, by whom he had three sons. Polly died in 1770.

A model of Darwin looks out onto Beacon Street.

After the death of his wife, Darwin had two daughters by Mary Parker, a young woman employed to help with the children.

The third edition of The Botanic Garden, dated 1791.

Interpretation panels mention the influence of Darwin's writings on other writers. One states that he influenced 'nearly all' the early Romantic poets, and draws attention to Darwin's The Loves of the Plants influencing Blake's The Book of Thel. Also mentioned is Darwin's influence on the young (although not the older) Wordsworth and Coleridge in, for example, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1798), and also the later published 'Kubla Khan' (1816). Also briefly mentioned are Keats and Shelley, with a note giving what is almost certainly the writer's only source of reference: Desmond King-Hele's Erasmus Darwin and the Romantic Poets (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986).

The Temple of Nature; or, the Origin of Society: A Poem, with Philosophical Notes (London: J. Johnson, 1803): a posthumous publication. There have been many editions of this book, some of them published relatively recently.

An example of Darwin the inventor: a sketch of his effective speaking machine, built in 1771.

A reconstruction of Darwin's study, with Joseph Wright's portrait of him above the mantelpiece and, by the model's head: 

Darwin's friend Anna Seward, painted by T. Kettle in 1762. I briefly mentioned her earlier when I showed photos of her memorial in Lichfield Cathedral. The link is at the bottom of this post.

Also in Erasmus Darwin House is the portrait of the Reverend Chancellor Thomas James Law, described by an unnamed source as a 'one man civic society'. Law gave the town the statue of Samuel Johnson in the Market Square in Lichfield (also shown, in several images, in a link below), the country's second free library (in Beacon Street), and the fountain in the museum gardens.

Law was buried in St Michael's churchyard in Lichfield. There is a local tale that the tomb (built for his wife) is elaborate because it is in defiance of the council, which wouldn't allow him to erect a Gothic canopy over Johnson's statue like the statue of Sir Walter Scott in Edinburgh.

'The home of
Erasmus
Darwin
from 1758
until 1781'

In 1775 Darwin met Elizabeth Pole, a married woman from Radbourne Hall in Derbyshire whom he married in 1781, the year after her husband's death. Erasmus moved with his wife to Radbourne Hall, and then to Full Street, Derby, in 1783; in 1802 he died, just a few weeks after moving to Breadsall Priory and just four months before the death of his much younger wife (by whom he had seven more children).

A back view of the house.

Only a few yards from Darwin's house, and still on Beacon Street:

'ON THIS SITE STOOD
THE HOME OF DAVID GARRICK,
BORN 1716. [Actually 1717.]      DIED 1779.
     PULLED DOWN IN 1856.
 ––––––––––––
EDUCATED AT LICHFIELD GRAMMAR SCHOOL.
   BURIED AT WESTMINSTER ABBEY.'

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Noel Jackson: 'Rhyme and Reason: Erasmus Darwin's Romanticism'

Anna Seward (1747-1809), Lichfield, Staffordshire

Dr Samuel Johnson and Lichfield, Staffordshire